2.4.1 IntraReligious Conflicts When investigated, most conflicts that end up being classified as religious in the media are fundamentally linked to causes other than religion. The debate over the Sharia court reflected the split between northerners and southerners, and, with the exception of the Yoruba group, which has both Christian and Muslim adherents, the debate also reflected divisions between ethnic-religious communities (Bienen 1989, 172). The Role of Intra-Religious Conflicts in Intrastate Wars ", Africa News [London]. Communique: "Release General Zamani Lekwot (Rtd.) 10 December 1992. This kind of behaviour from some Muslims who apparently look like big SHAIKHS (scholars) causes confusion and distress for the Muslim community. What a mirage! Whatever the underlying reasons for the current religious crisis, certain government actions, particularly in recent years, have been perceived by Christians as furthering the Islamization of the country (Libration 13-14 Jan. 1990, 37). The parties, namely the Social Democratic Party (SDP) and the National Republican Convention (NRC), would be, in the words of Babangida, "a little to the left," and "a little to the right" respectively (Ibid., 228). 23-29 November 1992. It is not clear whether this army is the same as the one mentioned in the Africa Events article.) According to the 1963 data, 49 percent of the population (then totalling 55 million) was Muslim, 34 percent Christian and 17 percent animist. Academics, legal and religious professionals, and others engaged in social and political thought and policy-making make up its readership. Bonding activities seek to strengthen intra-group relations, operating with a theory of change that suggests that improved intra-group relational patterns will benefit inter-group action and dialogue and capacity to negotiate land disputes. 15 February 1993. 1992. The Role of Religion in Today's Conflict.1 By Ms. Karen Armstrong As we are all agreed, the conflict between the Muslim world and the West is . It is difficult to assess precisely what contribution social science has made to an adequate diagnosis of the sources of violent conflict. This is not correct. Europa World Yearbook 1992. 2, also known as the Civil Disturbances Decree. The ruling was upheld by the Appeal Court on 20 November 1992 (CLO 2 Dec. 1992). The riot clearly sought to destroy this [economic] dominance, at least in the case of the Hausa-Fulani, almost completely (Ibid). In Kenya, religious conflict happens at intra-communal and intercommunal level. Every Imam, Mufti, scholar, leader wants to unite Muslims around himself. Canada: Immigration and Refugee Board of Canada. Nigeria: The Death Penalty. Julius O. Ihonvbere. Ibrahim, Jibrin. Lets Allah decides who will go to hell or heaven. Soon, I realized that this young boy was not trained by Christians or any non-Muslims to dishonour Muhammad (Peace be upon him) but he was trained by the Muslims. 28 May 1992. Thischapterfocuseson believers'perceptionsofthecausesofinterreligiousconflict. Therefore ordinary Muslims are puzzled. These are all true stories. Is this Islam? "Muslim-Christian Conflict and Political Instability in Nigeria." The individualism is flourishing among Muslims. Yahaya was eventually sentenced to six months and 18 months on two counts of conspiracy and rioting respectively; 47 others were given prison sentences ranging from three to six months. A growing group among Muslims considers all Muslims BIDATEE OR MUSHRIK OR KAFIR except their own group. Inter Religious Conflict can be defined as conducted, involving or existing within a religious group or movement. This Muslim truck driver said, I do not know KALIMAH only Murshad (leader) knows the Kalimah . Since Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960, the issue of regional or ethnic power-sharing has become increasingly a struggle between Christians and Muslims (Hunwick Nov. 1992, 143). Once the faith purifies the heart, the appearance automatically becomes Islamic. Muslims have imported this horrible crime in North America as well. The outburst on onsets of civil wars since the end of the Cold War, urged the academic . 7 Causes of Interreligious Conflict in: Religion and Conflict - Brill if they could elect a Christian as chairman, they were now of age and they could get rid of the Muslims in their midst. In 1963, however, in an attempt to consolidate political power in the Northern Region, the then premier of northern Nigeria, Ahmadu Bello, launched a conversion campaign to Islamize the Christian and animist populations of the North and the Middle Belt (Ibrahim 1989, 78). It is reported that rumours circulated at the time of the announcement that the National Guard was to be Babangida's "private army" (1991, 29). Ohadike, Don. The worst fighting linked to religion since the May 1992 Zango-Kataf incident, took place in the northern town of Funtua, Katsina State in February 1993. Despite the secular nature of the Nigerian state, professed in the various constitutions under which the country has been governed since its independence, northern leaders have stressed Islam in order to maintain unity in the face of political, economic and social change (Bienen 1989, 171-172). Johan D. van der Vyver. If I become Muslim I want to be considered a believer not a non-believer. The unprecedented series of episodes of violent intercommunal, interreligious or religiously motivated conflict between Buddhist majorities and Muslim minorities in several places in Myanmar from 2012 until 2014 were the bitter fruit of the country's political transition. Up to 100 people, including 2 police officers, were killed in the clashes and many more were wounded (Reuters 22 Jan. 1993). Religion and National Integration in Africa: Islam, Christianity and Politics in the Sudan and Nigeria. "Ethnic and Religious Conflicts in Kano" in Community Conflict in Nigeria: Management, Resolution and Transformation, Edited by Onigu Otite and Isaac Olawole Albert. invited rafidhi aalim in Ontario Science centre program? West Africa [London]. 8, no. But the most common questions were; It is very clear that the Muslims are no more interested in the bigger interest of Muslim Ummah. For Murshad and his followers the centre of love and obedience is Allah and His Messenger. According to The Washington Post (20 May 1992), analysts described the Kataf-Hausa clashes as "a struggle for political supremacy before legislative and presidential elections are held under the military government's program for transition to civilian rule." intolerance and conflict. Inter-religious rivalries, intra-religious The Christian Science Monitor [Boston]. Abstract. 1989. During the Gulf War, the Muftis of this group gave Fatwas to bring non-Muslim forces into Saudi Arabia. In the words of Ibrahim Gambari, author of "The Role of Religion in National Life: Reflections on Recent Experiences in Nigeria," "the religious divide in Nigeria is unbalanced regionally" (Ibid). They try to find any thing negative in Prophet of Islam and they still think that they are the best Muslims. Following the global trend, the majority of them are primarily intrastate armed conflicts. David D. Laitin. Hunwick, John O. 1992. Africa Watch has suggested that the riots may have resulted from a political argument over control of a district inhabited by rival ethnic groups (Ibid., 44). In the past, when violence has erupted and threatened the country's stability, President Ibrahim Babangida's military government has not hesitated to use force (Africa Watch Oct. 1991, 43). IntraReligious Conflicts - Religious Violence - 1Library The Intra-Religion Conflicts Within Muslims - Islamic Supreme Council How can we help to end the sufferings of human beings? They are very quick in calling Muslims as KAFIRS (non-believers) while, it is forbidden in Islam to call any Muslim a KAFIR. Orka and 41 other prisoners were eventually executed, while a number of others received prison sentences (Africa South of the Sahara 1991 1990, 784). Amnesty International. Interreligious Conflict and the Politics of Interfaith Dialogue in The great sufis of Islam like Hazrat Abdul Qadir Jilani, Hazrat Khawaja Ajmeree, Hazrat Bahauddin Naqshbandi and many others never ever said or did any thing against the teachings of Quran and the Sunnah. If the bishop is right, then it is only time before the Sharia issue reaches critical proportions once again. Evanston, IL: Northwestern University Press. Almighty Allah will decide what took place 1400 years ago among the companions of Allahs Messenger. This was a perfect opportunity to these preachers of Islam to invite this non-Muslim fellow towards Islam. Washington: US Government Printing Office. 19-20), but a number of special courts outside of the ordinary legal system have been used since 1984 to expedite the trial of certain offences under less rigorous procedures (Amnesty International Feb. 1989, 6). 4, No. Underlying both were much broader issues, including the spread of Saudi Arabian and Western cultural imperialism, as well as the resurgence of fundamentalist and reformist ideologies (Ohadike 1992, 119). The rise of religious fundamentalism, particularly that of Islam, coupled with the manipulation of religious sentiment by elements of the political and economic elite, as well as the involvement of local, regional and federal levels of the government in particular religious situations, have all contributed to the escalation of a conflict that, until the mid-1980s, had not really posed a threat to the stability of the nation. Request Permissions, Review by: A number of Christian leaders were also arrested and detained after the unsuccessful coup, while two leaders of the Christian Association of Nigeria were charged with unlawful assembly after staging a march to a government house. 30 July 1992. My heart cries when a young son leaves his Muslim parents home in the name of Islam because his parents wanted to attend Eid Milad-un-Nabi program. In an interview with Christianity Today (22 June 1992, 67), Nigerian Anglican bishop Josiah Idowu-Fearon claimed that Nigerian Christians are being held subject to Sharia courts in both the Northern and Middle Belt regions. Religious Conflict: Definitions, Problems and Theoretical Approaches. Two issues in particular have contributed to a widespread belief on the part of Christians that Nigeria is increasingly becoming an Islamic state. How much knowledge Muhammad (Peace be upon him) had? 23. 1. Sharia courts are confined to essentially personal matters (Ibid., 149) and are supposed to be used only on the agreement of both parties (Africa Watch Oct. 1991, 25). It is in the interest of all Muslims to respect each others beliefs and try to focus on the similarities instead of differences. In many programs there were questions and answers sessions. While the Constitution of Nigeria entitles nationals to move freely throughout the country and take up residence wherever they wish (Country Reports 1991 1992, 295), in reality this is rendered impractical by the fact that persons not indigenous to their state of residence frequently experience difficulty in such things as finding employment and enrolling children in schools of their choice (Ibid., 298). The intra-religion conflicts within the various denominations of Muslims are harming Islam. 1992. The conflict, which manifested in tensions, clashes, and changes in alliances, had a direct impact on Iraq's political and security situation. (The most notable incident of intra-religious, namely Intra- Islamic, violence occurred in 1980 in Kano following the preachings of a Cameroonian preacher by the name of Alhaji Muhammad Marwa, nicknamed Maitatsine by his followers. In Islam these things are considered as diseases and Islam came to cure them. We can keep our differences but we must not impose our beliefs on others. Fax received by HRI. The current Muslims, especially the young generation, and the potential new Muslims in the western world are confused about the state of Muslim affairs. By 8 January 1992, at least 10 people had died in clashes with the police and 263 were arrested (Africa Watch 21 Apr. These bribes may have been paid to demonstrators by "old-breed" politicians who had not been allowed to contest the aforementioned elections due to government rules, or by "new-breed" politicians of the National Republican Convention (NRC) hoping to prompt a Christian exodus from the region (Ibid.). (This is not to be confused with State Security Decree No. There is a huge difference between EDUCATING and IMPOSING. In inter-religious conflicts, the conflict parties differ in their religious affiliation - for example, Christians and Muslims. First of all Sahaba and Ahle Bayt lived 1400 years ago. The founder of this group developed very sectarian beliefs. 1: "Inter- and Intra-Religious Conflicts Through/About Sound" For this upcoming themed issue of Yale Journal of Music & Religion, guest edited by Ruth HaCohen and planned for spring 2023, we invite articles that examine inter- and intra-religious conflicts through/about sound.Sound is crucial in the making of religious community and in shaping and . An article in the Constitutional Rights Journal notes that suspects appearing before these special tribunals are often "intimidated and cojoled [sic] into entering pleas of guilt" in the hope of receiving reduced sentences (Dec. 1990, 9). Combatants allegedly used automatic weapons, arrows and cutlasses (The Washington Post 20 May 1992). They were sentenced to terms of imprisonment, and, under the Decree, had no right to appeal (Amnesty International Feb. 1989, 12). We must not change the meanings of Quran and the Hadith. One of them who claims that he can cure all kinds of magic wrote in an email to me . PDF Religion, Conflict and Education - ResearchGate Many observers believe that religion was and continues to be manipulated to create and exacerbate conflict. The proposal for such a federal court was met with a storm of protest. "Two-Partyism and Democratic Transition in Nigeria. London: Amnesty International Publications. 416 Price 27.96 I f we want to understand the challenge of disintegrating sexual norms and the culture wars surrounding them, one of the most important things we need is history. Some people who preach Islam in the community are ignorant about Islam but they want to preach anyway OR they have their own agenda, which they want to preach under the label of Islam. Cambridge University Press (www.cambridge.org) is the publishing division of the University of Cambridge, one of the worlds leading research institutions and winner of 81 Nobel Prizes.

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